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<title>First Quebec Conference</title>

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<span id="openzim-page-title" class="mw-page-title-main"><span class="mw-page-title-main">First Quebec Conference</span></span>

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</style><table class="infobox vevent"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above summary">First Quebec Conference<br><small><i>Quadrant</i></small></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><div class="infobox-caption"><a href="William_Lyon_Mackenzie_King" title="William Lyon Mackenzie King">Mackenzie King</a>, <a href="Franklin_D._Roosevelt" title="Franklin D. Roosevelt">Franklin D. Roosevelt</a> and <a href="Winston_Churchill" title="Winston Churchill">Winston Churchill</a> at the First Quebec Conference</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Host country</th><td class="infobox-data plainlist">Canada</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Date</th><td class="infobox-data">August 17–24, 1943</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Cities</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="Quebec_City" title="Quebec City">Quebec City</a>, Quebec</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Venues</th><td class="infobox-data location"><a href="Citadelle_of_Quebec" title="Citadelle of Quebec">Citadelle of Quebec</a><br><a href="Ch%C3%A2teau_Frontenac" title="Château Frontenac">Château Frontenac</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Participants</th><td class="infobox-data"><div class="plainlist">

<ul><li><span class="flagicon nowrap"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span></span></span> </span><a href="Canada" title="Canada">Canada</a> (as host)</li>

<li><span class="flagicon nowrap"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span></span></span> </span><a href="United_Kingdom" title="United Kingdom">United Kingdom</a></li>

<li><span class="flagicon nowrap"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span></span></span> </span><a href="United_States" title="United States">United States</a></li></ul>

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<p>The <b>First Quebec Conference</b>, codenamed <b>Quadrant</b>, was a highly secret military conference held during <a href="World_War_II" title="World War II">World War II</a> by the governments of the United Kingdom, Canada, and the United States. It took place in <a href="Quebec_City" title="Quebec City">Quebec City</a> on August 17–24, 1943, at both the <a href="Citadelle_of_Quebec" title="Citadelle of Quebec">Citadelle</a> and the <a href="Ch%C3%A2teau_Frontenac" title="Château Frontenac">Château Frontenac</a>. The chief representatives were <a href="Winston_Churchill" title="Winston Churchill">Winston Churchill</a> and <a href="Franklin_D._Roosevelt" title="Franklin D. Roosevelt">Franklin D. Roosevelt</a>, hosted by the Canadian prime minister <a href="William_Lyon_Mackenzie_King" title="William Lyon Mackenzie King">William Lyon Mackenzie King</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>

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<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Conference">Conference</h2></div>

<p>Although Churchill suggested that Mackenzie King be involved in all discussions, Roosevelt vetoed the idea owing to concern that future conferences would be burdened by all of the Allied nations demanding seats.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> As a result, Mackenzie King's hospitality was almost purely for ceremonial purposes. <a href="Joseph_Stalin" title="Joseph Stalin">Joseph Stalin</a>, leader of the <a href="Soviet_Union" title="Soviet Union">Soviet Union</a>, had been invited to join the conference, but he did not attend for military reasons.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>

</p><p>The <a href="Allies_of_World_War_II" title="Allies of World War II">Allies</a> agreed to begin discussions for the planning of the <a href="Invasion_of_Normandy" class="mw-redirect" title="Invasion of Normandy">invasion of France</a>, codenamed <a href="Operation_Overlord" title="Operation Overlord">Operation Overlord</a>, in a secret report by the <a href="Combined_Chiefs_of_Staff" title="Combined Chiefs of Staff">Combined Chiefs of Staff</a>. It was agreed that Overlord would commence on May 1, 1944, but this was subsequently disregarded, and a later date was finalised.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> However, Overlord was not the only option; for example, <a href="Operation_Jupiter_(Norway)" title="Operation Jupiter (Norway)">Operation Jupiter</a> remained a strong possibility had the Germans proved too powerful on the French coast.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In the <a href="Mediterranean_and_Middle_East_theatre_of_World_War_II" title="Mediterranean and Middle East theatre of World War II">Mediterranean</a> (a <a href="Theater_(warfare)" title="Theater (warfare)">theatre</a> on which Churchill was very keen) they resolved to concentrate more force to remove <a href="Italy" title="Italy">Italy</a> from the alliance of <a href="Axis_powers" title="Axis powers">Axis powers</a> and to occupy it along with <a href="Corsica" title="Corsica">Corsica</a>. Churchill and Roosevelt made it clear that they would only accept unconditional surrender from Italy, with a complete and immediate cessation of fighting.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> News came through of the <a href="Allied_invasion_of_Sicily" title="Allied invasion of Sicily">fall of Sicily</a> to Allied forces, an invasion that had taken just 38 days.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It was then decided that an <a href="Allied_invasion_of_Italy" title="Allied invasion of Italy">invasion of Italy</a> would begin on September 3, 1943. However, an <a href="Armistice_of_Cassibile" title="Armistice of Cassibile">armistice was signed that same day</a>, which officially put Italy out of the war.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>

</p><p>There were discussions about improving the coordination of efforts by the Americans, British, and Canadians to <a href="Manhattan_Project" title="Manhattan Project">develop</a> an <a href="Atomic_bomb" class="mw-redirect" title="Atomic bomb">atomic bomb</a>. Churchill and Roosevelt, without Canadian input, signed the <a href="Quebec_Agreement" title="Quebec Agreement">Quebec Agreement</a>, stating that the nuclear technology would never be used against one another, that they would not use it against third parties without the consent of one another, but also that <a href="Tube_Alloys" title="Tube Alloys">Tube Alloys</a> would not be discussed with third parties. Canada, although not being represented at the particular meeting, played a key role in this agreement as it was a major source of uranium and heavy water, both essential in the atomic bomb.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>

</p><p>It was decided that operations in the <a href="Balkans" title="Balkans">Balkans</a> should be limited to supplying <a href="Guerrilla_warfare" title="Guerrilla warfare">guerrillas</a>, whereas operations against <a href="Japan" title="Japan">Japan</a> would be intensified in order to exhaust Japanese resources, cut their communications lines, and secure forward bases from which the Japanese mainland could be attacked.

</p><p>In addition to the strategic discussions, which were communicated to the Soviet Union and to <a href="Chiang_Kai-shek" title="Chiang Kai-shek">Chiang Kai-shek</a> in <a href="China" title="China">China</a>, the conference also issued a joint statement on <a href="Palestine_(region)" title="Palestine (region)">Palestine</a>, intended to calm tensions as the British <a href="Belligerent_occupation" class="mw-redirect" title="Belligerent occupation">occupation</a> was becoming increasingly untenable. The conference also condemned German atrocities in <a href="Poland" title="Poland">Poland</a>.

</p><p>In the <a href="South_West_Pacific_theatre_of_World_War_II" title="South West Pacific theatre of World War II">Pacific theater</a> the conference decided to bypass and isolate <a href="Rabaul" title="Rabaul">Rabaul</a> rather than proceed with the original plan of taking Rabaul. This decision fulfilled General <a href="Douglas_MacArthur" title="Douglas MacArthur">Douglas MacArthur's</a> plan to <a href="Neutralisation_of_Rabaul" title="Neutralisation of Rabaul">neutralize</a> the heavily fortified fortress of Rabaul in <a href="New_Britain" title="New Britain">New Britain</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> MacArthur's <a href="Operation_Cartwheel" title="Operation Cartwheel">Operation Cartwheel</a> led to the creation of a de facto prisoner-of-war camp of over 100,000 Japanese troops who were cut off from the rest of their forces.

</p><p>In parallel with the military discussions, U.S. Secretary of State <a href="Cordell_Hull" title="Cordell Hull">Cordell Hull</a> held a private meeting with British Foreign Secretary <a href="Anthony_Eden" title="Anthony Eden">Anthony Eden</a>, where both expressed opposition to the forcible dismemberment of Germany, favoring a more restrained postwar settlement.<sup id="cite_ref-hullmemoirs_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-hullmemoirs-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>

</p><p>It was clear that eliminating Italy from the war was the Allies' main priority; this was expected to be done by the end of 1943. Following this, the next hope was that Germany would be defeated by the fall of 1944, which would leave just Japan remaining among the Axis powers.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>

</p><p>Following the conference, Churchill was on holiday at a fishing camp<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and then, on August 31, 1943, delivered a radio address<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> before travelling by a special train that was going to Washington, D.C., to resume talks with Roosevelt.<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>

</p>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Gallery">Gallery</h2></div>

<div class="gallerytext">On August 18, 1943 at the first Quebec Conference. (Seated: King, Roosevelt, Churchill)</div>

</li>

<div class="gallerytext">President Roosevelt, seated next to <a href="Princess_Alice%2C_Countess_of_Athlone" title="Princess Alice, Countess of Athlone">Princess Alice</a> and Prime Minister King of Canada, greeting British Foreign Secretary <a href="Anthony_Eden" title="Anthony Eden">Anthony Eden</a>.</div>

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<div class="gallerytext">British Prime Minister <a href="Winston_Churchill" title="Winston Churchill">Winston Churchill</a> and Foreign Secretary Anthony Eden</div>

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<div class="gallerytext"><a href="Women's_Royal_Naval_Service" title="Women's Royal Naval Service">Women's Royal Naval Service</a> officers sightseeing after the conference</div>

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<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Misplaced_portfolio">Misplaced portfolio</h2></div>

<p>Given the highly secret topic under discussion at the conference, security at the Château Frontenac and the Quebec Citadelle was important. Sgt. Maj. Émile Couture (then 25 years of age) of the Canadian Army was responsible for cleaning the offices at both of these locations after the Conference had ended.<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Couture found a leather portfolio with a gold inscription "Churchill-Roosevelt, Quebec Conference, 1943." on the exterior and kept it as a souvenir not realizing that it contained nearly complete plans for <a href="Operation_Overlord" title="Operation Overlord">Operation Overlord</a>. That evening Couture discovered the contents of the portfolio and, realizing the extremely sensitive nature of those documents, hid the portfolio under his mattress until he could return the portfolio in the morning. Couture was investigated by <a href="Scotland_Yard" title="Scotland Yard">Scotland Yard</a> and the <a href="FBI" class="mw-redirect" title="FBI">FBI</a> to ensure none of the information had been leaked. At the <a href="Second_Quebec_Conference" title="Second Quebec Conference">Second Quebec Conference</a> Couture was awarded the <a href="British_Empire_Medal" title="British Empire Medal">British Empire Medal</a> for his silence though it was attributed for "services rendered". Couture was interviewed on Radio-Canada's radio program <i>Appelez-moi Lise</i> by Lise Payette in 1972 about this issue. Additional magazine interviews with Couture are on display at the permanent exhibit for both Quebec Conferences in the Quebec Citadelle<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> after September 2019.

</p>

<ul><li><a href="Second_Quebec_Conference" title="Second Quebec Conference">Second Quebec Conference</a></li>

<li><a href="List_of_Allied_World_War_II_conferences" title="List of Allied World War II conferences">List of Allied World War II conferences</a></li>

<li><a href="Manhattan_Project" title="Manhattan Project">Manhattan Project</a></li></ul>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2></div>

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</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.cbc.ca/archives/categories/society/celebrations/quebec-city-400-years-of-history/war-conference-at-quebec.html#tabs-2">"Quebec City: 400 Years of History"</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2013-01-23</span></span>. <q>Canadian Prime Minister William Lyon Mackenzie King hosted Churchill and Roosevelt, but did not participate in the conferences.</q></cite></span>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFEnglish1991" class="citation book cs1">English, John A. (1991). <i>The Canadian Army and the Normandy: A Study of Failure in High Command</i>. London: Praeger Publishers. p. 31. <a href="ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <bdi>978-0275930196</bdi>.</cite></span>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFDewaters2008" class="citation book cs1">Dewaters, Diane K. (2008). <i>The World War II Conferences in Washington, D.C. and Quebec City: Franklin D. Roosevelt and Winston S. Churchill</i>. Arlington, Texas: University of Texas. p. 115.</cite></span>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFReardon2012" class="citation book cs1">Reardon, Terry (2012). <i>Winston Churchill and Mackenzie King: So Similar, So Different</i>. Toronto: Dundurn Press. p. 254. <a href="ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <bdi>978-1-4597-0590-6</bdi>.</cite></span>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFDewaters2008" class="citation book cs1">Dewaters, Diane K. (2008). <i>The World War II Conferences in Washington, D.C. and Quebec City: Franklin D. Roosevelt and Winston S. Churchill</i>. Arlington, Texas: University of Texas. p. 120.</cite></span>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFDewaters2008" class="citation book cs1">Dewaters, Diane K. (2008). <i>The World War II Conferences in Washington, D.C. and Quebec City: Franklin D. Roosevelt and Winston S. Churchill</i>. Arlington, Texas: University of Texas. p. 111.</cite></span>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFReardon2012" class="citation book cs1">Reardon, Terry (2012). <i>Winston Churchill and Mackenzie King: So Similar, So Different</i>. Toronto: Dundurn Press. p. 256. <a href="ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <bdi>978-1-4597-0590-6</bdi>.</cite></span>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFMorison2002" class="citation book cs1">Morison, Samuel Eliot (2002). <i>History of United States Naval Operations in World War II: Sicily - Salerno - Anzio: January 1943–June 1944</i>. Champaign, IL: University of Illinois Press. p. 239. <a href="ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <bdi>0-252-07039-9</bdi>.</cite></span>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFReardon2012" class="citation book cs1">Reardon, Terry (2012). <i>Winston Churchill and Mackenzie King: So Similar, So Different</i>. Toronto: Dundurn Press. pp. <span class="nowrap">249–</span>250. <a href="ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <bdi>978-1-4597-0590-6</bdi>.</cite></span>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://history.army.mil/books/wwii/MacArthur%20Reports/MacArthur%20V1/ch05.htm">"Chapter V: Up from Papua"</a>. <i>Reports of General MacArthur: The Campaigns of MacArthur in the Pacific</i>. Vol. I. U.S. Army Center of Military History. <a href="LCCN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="LCCN (identifier)">LCCN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://lccn.loc.gov/66-60005">66-60005</a>.</cite></span>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-hullmemoirs-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-hullmemoirs_11-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFHull1948" class="citation book cs1">Hull, Cordell (1948). <i>The Memoirs of Cordell Hull</i>. Vol. II. Macmillan. pp. <span class="nowrap">1593–</span>1594.</cite></span>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jcs.mil/Portals/36/Documents/History/WWII/Quadrant3.pdf">"Quadrant conference, August 1943: Papers and Minutes of Meetings (Digitised 2001)"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. Washington, DC: Office, U.S. Secretary, Office of the Combined Chiefs of Staff. 1943. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160128221129/http://cgsc.cdmhost.com/cdm/ref/collection/p4013coll8/id/3694">Archived</a> from the original on 28 January 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">16 August</span> 2023</span> – via Combined Arms Research Library Digital Library.</cite></span>

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<li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=JvouAAAAIBAJ&sjid=8dsFAAAAIBAJ&pg=4060%2C5066505">"Mr. King Leaves Today for Quebec to Meet Churchill"</a>. <i>Ottawa Citizen</i>. 1943-08-30<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2013-01-23</span></span>.</cite></span>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=JvouAAAAIBAJ&sjid=8dsFAAAAIBAJ&pg=3918%2C5496828">"Text of Premier Churchill's Address"</a>. <i>Ottawa Citizen</i>. CP. 1943-08-31<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2013-01-23</span></span>.</cite></span>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=-bpSAAAAIBAJ&sjid=EH0DAAAAIBAJ&pg=5446%2C6588624">"Churchill Urges Parley of Three Allied Nations"</a>. <i>St. Petersburg Times</i>. UP. 1943-09-01<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2013-01-23</span></span>.</cite></span>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFReardon2012" class="citation book cs1">Reardon, Terry (2012). <i>Winston Churchill and Mackenzie King: So Similar, So Different</i>. Toronto: Dundurn Press. p. 254. <a href="ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <bdi>978-1-4597-5090-6</bdi>.</cite></span>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/montreal/young-quebec-soldier-walked-away-with-d-day-plans-1943-1.5257652">"How a young Quebec soldier found confidential D-Day invasion plans — and kept it a secret"</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">August 25,</span> 2019</span>.</cite></span>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.lacitadelle.qc.ca/en/exhibitions/permanent-exhibit.html">"Permanent Exhibit"</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">August 25,</span> 2019</span>.</cite></span>

</li>

</ol></div></div>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2></div>

<ul><li><cite id="CITEREFBernier2008" class="citation journal cs1">Bernier, Serge (2008). "Mapping Victory". <i>Beaver</i>. <b>88</b> (1): <span class="nowrap">69–</span>72.</cite></li>

<li><cite id="CITEREFEhrman1956" class="citation book cs1">Ehrman, John (1956). <i>Grand Strategy Volume V: August 1943–September 1944</i>. London: H.M. Stationery Office. p. 15f.</cite> British official history.</li></ul>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2></div>

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<div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikimedia Commons has media related to <span style="font-weight: bold; font-style: italic;"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Quebec_Conference,_1943" class="extiw external" title="commons:Category:Quebec Conference, 1943">Quebec Conference, 1943</a></span>.</div></div>

</div>

<ul><li><cite class="citation cs2"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://digital.library.wisc.edu/1711.dl/FRUS.FRUS1943"><i>The first Quebec Conference and related conversations at Hyde Park and Washington</i></a>, WISC</cite>.</li>

<li><cite class="citation cs2"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090629044732/http://www.winstonchurchill.org/learn/in-the-media/newsreels/churchill-at-the-first-quebec-conference-1943"><i>Churchill at the first Quebec Conference, 1943</i></a>, The Churchill Centre, archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.winstonchurchill.org/learn/in-the-media/newsreels/churchill-at-the-first-quebec-conference-1943">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(archival news footage)</span> on 2009-06-29</cite>.</li>

<li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://ms.radio-canada.ca/archives_new/2008/en/wma/quebec_400_19430831.wma">full audio recording of address delivered by Winston Churchill, August 31, 1943</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160305005639/http://ms.radio-canada.ca/archives_new/2008/en/wma/quebec_400_19430831.wma">Archived</a> March 5, 2016, at the <a href="Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></li></ul>

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</style><div id="Diplomatic_history_of_World_War_II142" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="Diplomatic_history_of_World_War_II" title="Diplomatic history of World War II">Diplomatic history of World War II</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="List_of_Allied_World_War_II_conferences" title="List of Allied World War II conferences">Conferences</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="U.S.%E2%80%93British_Staff_Conference_(ABC%E2%80%931)" title="U.S.–British Staff Conference (ABC–1)">U.S.–British Staff Conference</a> (1941)</li>

<li><a href="Declaration_of_St_James's_Palace" title="Declaration of St James's Palace">First Inter-Allied Conference</a> (1941)</li>

<li><a href="Atlantic_Charter" title="Atlantic Charter">Atlantic Conference</a> (1941)</li>

<li><a href="Atlantic_Charter#Acceptance_by_Inter-Allied_Council_and_United_Nations" title="Atlantic Charter">Second Inter-Allied Conference</a> (1941)</li>

<li><a href="Moscow_Conference_(1941)" title="Moscow Conference (1941)">First Moscow Conference</a> (1941)</li>

<li><a href="Arcadia_Conference" title="Arcadia Conference">Arcadia Conference</a> (1941– 1942)</li>

<li><a href="Punishment_for_War_Crimes" title="Punishment for War Crimes">Third Inter-Allied Conference</a> (1942)</li>

<li><a href="Second_Washington_Conference" title="Second Washington Conference">Second Washington Conference</a> (1942)</li>

<li><a href="Moscow_Conference_(1942)" title="Moscow Conference (1942)">Second Moscow Conference</a> (1942)</li>

<li><a href="Casablanca_Conference" title="Casablanca Conference">Casablanca Conference</a> (1943)</li>

<li><a href="Adana_Conference" title="Adana Conference">Adana Conference</a> (1943)</li>

<li><a href="Washington_Conference_(1943)" title="Washington Conference (1943)">Third Washington Conference</a> (1943)</li>

<li><a href="Moscow_Conference_(1943)" title="Moscow Conference (1943)">Third Moscow Conference</a> (1943)</li>

<li><a href="Cairo_Conference" title="Cairo Conference">Cairo Conference</a> (1943)</li>

<li><a href="Greater_East_Asia_Conference" title="Greater East Asia Conference">Greater East Asia Conference</a> (1943)</li>

<li><b><a href="Tehran_Conference" title="Tehran Conference">Tehran Conference</a></b> (1943)</li>

<li><a href="Second_Cairo_Conference" title="Second Cairo Conference">Second Cairo Conference</a> (1943)</li>

<li><a href="1944_Commonwealth_Prime_Ministers'_Conference" title="1944 Commonwealth Prime Ministers' Conference">Commonwealth Prime Ministers' Conference</a> (1944)</li>

<li><a href="Bretton_Woods_Conference" title="Bretton Woods Conference">Bretton Woods Conference</a> (1944)</li>

<li><a href="Dumbarton_Oaks_Conference" title="Dumbarton Oaks Conference">Dumbarton Oaks Conference</a> (1944)</li>

<li><a href="Second_Quebec_Conference" title="Second Quebec Conference">Second Quebec Conference</a> (1944)</li>

<li><a href="Moscow_Conference_(1944)" title="Moscow Conference (1944)">Fourth Moscow Conference</a> (1944)</li>

<li><a href="Malta_Conference_(1945)" title="Malta Conference (1945)">Malta Conference</a> (1945)</li>

<li><b><a href="Yalta_Conference" title="Yalta Conference">Yalta Conference</a></b> (1945)</li>

<li><a href="United_Nations_Conference_on_International_Organization" title="United Nations Conference on International Organization">United Nations Conference on International Organization</a> (1945)</li>

<li><b><a href="Potsdam_Conference" title="Potsdam Conference">Potsdam Conference</a></b> (1945)</li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Declarations<br>and treaties</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Munich_Agreement" title="Munich Agreement">Munich Agreement</a> (1938)</li>

<li><a href="Molotov%E2%80%93Ribbentrop_Pact" title="Molotov–Ribbentrop Pact">Molotov–Ribbentrop Pact</a> (1939)</li>

<li><a href="Pact_of_Steel" title="Pact of Steel">Pact of Steel</a> (1939)</li>

<li><a href="Anglo-Thai_Non-Aggression_Pact" title="Anglo-Thai Non-Aggression Pact">Anglo-Thai Non-Aggression Pact</a> (1940)</li>

<li><a href="Destroyers-for-bases_deal" title="Destroyers-for-bases deal">Destroyers-for-bases deal</a> (1940)</li>

<li><a href="Franco-Italian_Armistice" title="Franco-Italian Armistice">Franco-Italian Armistice</a> (1940)</li>

<li><a href="Moscow_Peace_Treaty" title="Moscow Peace Treaty">Moscow Peace Treaty</a> (1940)</li>

<li><a href="Tripartite_Pact" title="Tripartite Pact">Tripartite Pact</a> (1940)</li>

<li><a href="Declaration_of_St_James's_Palace" title="Declaration of St James's Palace">Declaration of St James's Palace</a> (1941)</li>

<li><a href="Anglo-Soviet_Agreement" title="Anglo-Soviet Agreement">Anglo-Soviet Agreement</a> (1941)</li>

<li><a href="Armistice_of_Saint_Jean_d'Acre" title="Armistice of Saint Jean d'Acre">Armistice of Saint Jean d'Acre</a> (1941)</li>

<li><a href="Atlantic_Charter" title="Atlantic Charter">Atlantic Charter</a> (1941)</li>

<li><a href="German%E2%80%93Turkish_Treaty_of_Friendship" title="German–Turkish Treaty of Friendship">German–Turkish Treaty of Friendship</a> (1941)</li>

<li><a href="Paris_Protocols" title="Paris Protocols">Paris Protocols</a> (1941)</li>

<li><a href="Declaration_by_United_Nations" title="Declaration by United Nations">Declaration by United Nations</a> (1942)</li>

<li><a href="Punishment_for_War_Crimes" title="Punishment for War Crimes">Punishment for War Crimes</a> (1942)</li>

<li><a href="Anglo-Soviet_Treaty_of_1942" title="Anglo-Soviet Treaty of 1942">Anglo-Soviet Treaty of 1942</a> (1942)</li>

<li><a href="Armistice_of_Cassibile" title="Armistice of Cassibile">Armistice of Cassibile</a> (1943)</li>

<li><a href="1943_Cairo_Declaration" title="1943 Cairo Declaration">Cairo Declaration</a> (1943)</li>

<li><a href="Moscow_Declarations" title="Moscow Declarations">Moscow Declarations</a> (1943)

<ul><li><a href="Declaration_of_the_Four_Nations" title="Declaration of the Four Nations">Declaration of the Four Nations</a></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="Treaty_between_the_United_States_and_China_for_the_Relinquishment_of_Extraterritorial_Rights_in_China" title="Treaty between the United States and China for the Relinquishment of Extraterritorial Rights in China">Treaty between the United States and China for the Relinquishment of Extraterritorial Rights in China</a></li>

<li><a href="Sino-British_Treaty_for_the_Relinquishment_of_Extra-Territorial_Rights_in_China" title="Sino-British Treaty for the Relinquishment of Extra-Territorial Rights in China">Sino-British Treaty for the Relinquishment of Extra-Territorial Rights in China</a> (1943)</li>

<li><a href="Moscow_Armistice" title="Moscow Armistice">Moscow Armistice</a> (1944)</li>

<li><a href="Nuremberg_Charter" class="mw-redirect" title="Nuremberg Charter">Nuremberg Charter</a> (1945)</li>

<li><a href="Potsdam_Agreement" title="Potsdam Agreement">Potsdam Agreement</a> (1945)</li>

<li><a href="Potsdam_Declaration" title="Potsdam Declaration">Potsdam Declaration</a> (1945)</li>

<li><a href="Charter_of_the_United_Nations" title="Charter of the United Nations">United Nations Charter</a> (1945)</li>

<li><a href="Paris_Peace_Treaties%2C_1947" title="Paris Peace Treaties, 1947">Paris Peace Treaties</a> (1947)</li>

<li><a href="Treaty_of_San_Francisco" title="Treaty of San Francisco">Treaty of San Francisco</a> (1951)</li>

<li><a href="Austrian_State_Treaty" title="Austrian State Treaty">Austrian State Treaty</a> (1955)</li>

<li><a href="Treaty_on_the_Final_Settlement_with_Respect_to_Germany" title="Treaty on the Final Settlement with Respect to Germany">Treaty on the Final Settlement with Respect to Germany</a> (1990)</li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Organizations</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Anglo-French_Supreme_War_Council" title="Anglo-French Supreme War Council">Anglo-French Supreme War Council</a></li>

<li><a href="Sino-American_Cooperative_Organization" title="Sino-American Cooperative Organization">Sino-American Cooperative Organization</a></li>

<li><a href="European_Advisory_Commission" title="European Advisory Commission">European Advisory Commission</a></li>

<li><a href="Council_of_Foreign_Ministers" title="Council of Foreign Ministers">Council of Foreign Ministers</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="German_Instrument_of_Surrender" title="German Instrument of Surrender">German Instrument of Surrender</a></li>

<li><a href="Japanese_Instrument_of_Surrender" title="Japanese Instrument of Surrender">Japanese Instrument of Surrender</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr></tbody></table></div></div><div><div class="zim-footer">

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